/CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 77 0 obj << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> Focusing on exam results and league table position causes stress for pupils as more pressure is put on them to perform well in SATS. /StructParents 17 /Parent 2 0 R /MC0 129 0 R Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. 114 0 obj /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 228 0 R >> The idea is particularly associated with policies inspired by the New Right and with the Education Reform . /StructParents 4 >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /Resources << /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << 18 0 obj /Type /Page /Font << 8 0 obj /Parent 9 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page 95 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 /Parent 13 0 R >> 56 0 obj We will write a custom Essay on Evaluation of Advantages and Disadvantages of Approaches to Curriculum Design specifically for you . >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT3 121 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] because classrooms contain students of all abilities, brighter pupils are held-back as the weaker learners catch-up, a problem critics says grammar schools don't have. /PageElement << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT3 121 0 R /Contents [117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R] /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << /Author (Tuomo Ruotanen) >> But perhaps the biggest weakness of the market has been the failure to guarantee enough good teachers and challenging schools that struggle in performance measures often find it the hardest to recruit good teachers. /Resources << /TT2 226 0 R /Properties << 0000003291 00000 n /Resources << /StructParents 5 /Font << /Resources << /Rotate 0 Those schools that dont perform so well will go out of business and either close down or be taken over by new management who will run things more efficiently. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj endobj Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below: If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. << /Properties << /ExtGState << >> >> /Resources << /TT3 159 0 R >> /Rotate 0 /Contents 245 0 R 0000003188 00000 n /ExtGState << Lowering taxation and reducing government spending. /Rotate 0 >> Disadvantages. /Type /Page >> /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 49 >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << >> /Properties << >> Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 76 The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences Tuomo Ruotanen endobj endobj Three decades later, the tools of that market performance measures and inspection reports are a fact of life. 26 0 obj >> >> endobj And Phillipss school, Lilian Baylis Technology School, in Lambeth, south London, would appear to exemplify the benefits of this approach to public services. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 219 0 R /Contents 262 0 R >> /TT3 159 0 R 1944 Education Act and 1988 Education Reform Act. endstream /LastModified (D:20040616154335) 12 0 obj << >> /StructParents 12 /Parent 11 0 R /Rotate 0 >> >> /TT2 121 0 R 37 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /Properties << /Contents 306 0 R /Font << >> /StructParents 19 /Parent 9 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R << /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 23 0 obj /StructParents 67 The national curriculum required that all schools teach the same subject content from the age of 7-16. /ExtGState << /TT2 159 0 R 0000001418 00000 n /TT0 120 0 R << The idea was that parents would have more choice and control over their children's education. /Parent 2 0 R /XObject << /StructParents 33 /Type /Page Like Tony Blair 60 years later, the authors of the 1944 Act - this time definitely including Butler - took the view that religious education was a public good, whose responsibility should be shared between state-run and religious schools, and they legislated an unevenly balanced 'dual system' to accommodate it, apparently indefinitely. /Type /Page >> >> /Font << /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 5 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R Three types of schools were established by 1944 Education Act - grammar schools; technical schools and secondary modern schools. endobj << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] In the U.S. healthcare system, medical professionals are not employed by the government.Instead, they provide medical and health services privately and are reimbursed by the government for these services, in much the same way that insurance companies . /TT0 120 0 R The League Tables give no indication of the wider social good a school is doing beyond getting students results. endobj The Bill was back on track but women teachers had to wait until 29 December 1975, when the Equal Pay Act 1970 came into force, to be paid the same as their male equivalents. << >> /GS0 125 0 R Students will usually move on to study New Labors Education policies after this one. >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 89 /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. /Parent 11 0 R >> 9 0 obj /Rotate 0 Stephen Ball talks of the school/ parent alliance: Middle class parents want middle class schools and schools want middle class pupils. /Parent 16 0 R 106 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The 1988 Conservative Education Reform Act established the National Curriculum, the main advantage as cited in Haralambos & Holborn, (2000), was that it set a consistent standard across the country, in an attempt to promote equality. /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R /Contents 253 0 R /ExtGState << /TT1 226 0 R /ExtGState << /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R The Affordable Care Act has garnered a lot of debate since its implementation in 2010.The market continues to change as the healthcare reform debate continues. >> >> 0000004437 00000 n /Contents 278 0 R Benefits of Education are Societal and Personal. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 11 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Annots [160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 166 0 R 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R << >> >> /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 17 0 R This post has primarily been written forstudents of A-level sociology who are studying the education module in their first year. /Rotate 0 << /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] People are denied an education because of where they live, who they are, and how much money they have. /Font << /StructParents 54 /Type /Page >> endobj Gerbil - the great education reform bill, as it was known before . /GS0 125 0 R /TT2 226 0 R 92 0 obj Children can go to school with their childhood friends. /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] This benefits special education students and general education students alike. endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] advantages through choice policies' (1995, p. 21). /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Font << /Properties << /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R << The advantages and disadvantages of education although seemingly quite clear can be explored to quite a detailed level. There are too many bad case studies, often academy chains, being passed around and places where people dont want to work.. /TT1 121 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /Parent 11 0 R >> << Both brought with them changes that are . Sheldon Berman, Beyond discord: Resolving the tensions between charter and pu. >> /TT1 121 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /ExtGState << Which type of school you ended up attending was decided by the 11+ examination, as ever this process had its advantages as well as its disadvantages: Advantages the brightest 15% - 20% went to grammar schools meaning /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Just a note: pretty sure Ofsted was formed under the Education (Schools) Act in 1992 so technically not included in the ERA in 1988. so helpful for my sociology revision! 25 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 97 0 obj 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R 2. /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 41 /TT2 121 0 R /Kids [9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R] /StructParents 35 >> /TT2 226 0 R Maclure, S. 1988. Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. /Parent 14 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /StructParents 34 /TT2 226 0 R /Font << >> endobj >> /Kids [116 0 R] << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /Type /Pages >> >> /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. /Rotate 0 /TT3 159 0 R << >> I agree with that. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /Rotate 0 >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 14 0 R >> Increased trade: NAFTA more than tripled trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States after it was enacted. Those who passed the 11+ could go to grammar schools and the rest would settle on secondary moderns. >> /Resources << /Type /Page The New Rights theory was that marketisation would improve efficiency in schools, which should automatically be achieved by making schools more competitive 0 therefore reducing the education budget. /Parent 11 0 R /ExtGState << /Parent 2 0 R endobj >> /TT1 121 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page The following overview of the evolution of ESEA and federal standards-based education reform policy is presented to contextualize ESSA and help inform how states respond to the new law. Intake and its social class still influences how some parents make their choices and these subtle forces influence selection.. /StructParents 72 /Resources << >> /Font << /GS0 125 0 R >> /Contents 236 0 R The law has three basic objectives: Make more individuals eligible for affordable health insurance. /TT3 159 0 R /Font << /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page /EmbeddedFiles 20 0 R /TT2 159 0 R /GS0 125 0 R endobj Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. endobj << /Type /Pages /Font << 45 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R >> /PageLabels 5 0 R /Properties << >> /GS0 125 0 R Pros Explained. /Contents 284 0 R /Parent 12 0 R /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R 100 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> << 109 0 obj >> << /MarkInfo << /Properties << /Type /Page /Rotate 0 >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << /Parent 2 0 R From a Neoliberal and New Right perspective the above is fundamentally flawed logic as it means that successful schools which are attracting more pupils are subsidising worse performing schools and so the 1988 Act required that LEASs hand over their money directly to schools based on pupil numbers (formula funding) which removed the power of LEAs to control local budgets. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << >> /TT2 121 0 R /Rotate 0 From 1988 all schools were required to teach the core subjects English, Maths, Science etc at GCSE level. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << /Contents 255 0 R endobj /Contents 290 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Learn how your comment data is processed. endobj /ExtGState << Marketisation is used to refer to a trend in education policy from the 1980s where schools were encouraged to compete against each other and act more like private businesses rather than institutions under the control of local government. /Properties << endobj >> /Properties << >> /Type /Page The students with disabilities, such as auditory processing . endobj 0000019248 00000 n /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R /Parent 16 0 R /Parent 16 0 R >> The Education Reform Act is then explored with reference to the revised correspondence principle. /MC0 129 0 R /ExtGState << /Resources << /Type /Page >> >> >> Created by: jocastle; Created on: 06-05-16 12:51; Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. /TT0 120 0 R /Font << /TT0 120 0 R 57 34 /Properties << << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Coleman (1992), however, The 1988 Education Reform Act introduced a National Curriculum, which was a return to traditional subjects similar to the old Grammar school Model. endobj >> /Parent 10 0 R /Type /OCG /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << endobj << /Rotate 0 >> >> A considerable area of cultivable waste land and private forests . >> /MC0 129 0 R 3099067 >> /Type /Metadata /Rotate 0 /Font << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << /Font << /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Next 112 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 /Parent 2 0 R /ExtGState << /Resources << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R 54 0 obj /ExtGState << >> After 30 years of 'go compare', English education is a wild west. To make this word schools have been required to publish a prospectus which includes their examination and test results since 1988. /Rotate 0 /TT1 121 0 R endobj /Parent 17 0 R >> << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 32 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R 0000010001 00000 n /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R >> >> /Font << endobj /MC0 129 0 R >> /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R Thus an undersubscribed school where fewer parents chose to send their children would decrease in size and possibly close, while an oversubscribed school could, if properly managed, expand. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 44 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Dest [110 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] 57 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The New Rights 1988 Education Reform Act put in place the policies which aimed to achieve the goal of raising standards. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The Obama administration would like to provide national education standards that all states would be required to follow, according to a report on VOANews.com.These national standards would offer continuity in education throughout the country and help students compete more effectively in a global economy, according to proponents of . 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