black spots on swedish ivy leaves

"@type": "Answer", Since then I've noticed alot of the leaves have black spots on them and they've become paper thin. Under direct sunlight, the leaves of your plant can burn; thus, turning them black." I leave it out from the first time that it looks like it is staying above 40degrees until it gets back down to that. Though the Swedish ivy doesnt generally suffer from major pest or disease problems, it is susceptible to the mealybug, which forms white material on its stems and leaves. How to Treat Brown Spots on Pothos Ivy Leaves, University of California: Pests in Gardens and Landscapes - Thrips, Florida Department of Agriculture: Bacterial Blight of Swedish Ivy Caused by Pseudomonas Cichorii, New England Greenhouse Update: Chrysanthemum Bacterial Spot (Pseudomonas Cichorii), Michigan State University: Myrothecium Leaf Spot, The best air purifying plants for your home. Many gardeners also grow these on decks or balconies. hc mcdole 2 years ago On May 27, 2006, Blubaby from Mariemont, OH (Zone 6b) wrote: I've had two monstrous Swedish Ivy plants growing for 2 years in southeast-facing windows, so they get direct morning light year 'round. Bacterial leaf spot and leaf blight can be caused by the bacteriaXanthomonas campestrisp.v. Read the label directions for the method you choose and follow it closely. Fungal leaf spots are often irregularly shaped and produce concentric rings as the spots become larger. Plan the perfect garden with our interactive tool , Image by Flickr.com, courtesy of Steve Jurvetson, The Morton Arboretum: Ground Cover Diseases, University of Florida: Bacterial Control on Ornamentals, Two diseases cause spots on the leaves of English ivy, and both are commonly called "black spot.". "text": "Your plant is losing its leaves due to it being kept in a drafty area. Some leaves have turned completely black. P. argentatus, or silver spurflower, has bright and silvery foliage, whileP. amboinicus is grown for its oregano-like flavor and smell. In the wild, it is highly variable, but in the European and U.S. trades there is apparently only one clone. it grows very nicely were I Live in NorthEastern Oregon but I grow mine indoors .. and I do beleive it is not poisonous to animals but search houshold plants and it will give you information but I do know that most of the ivy family is very highly poisonous to anmils so becarefull .. it is a very easy plant to start cuttings from and just a all around nice plant. How long will my Creeping Charlie houseplant live? The Swedish ivy plant can tolerate light shade, but if you're growing a variegated variety, this may affect the white markings on the variegated leaves. Ivy is primarily a leaf plant and requires nitrogen to keep it green and healthy. Diplocarpon rosae, or black spot fungus, isnt just a disease of roses. They also secrete honeydew, a sweet liquid waste product that sticks to the plants. Bacterial leaf spot can easily be taken care of if you find it spreading during its initial stages. Good drainage is necessary, so do not let the ivy sit in water. ", To prevent this disease from taking hold in your variegated Swedish ivy, avoid using excessive amounts of fertilizer on the plant and wetting its leaves. Glechoma Hederacea plant produces bright green, kidney-shaped, and round leaves that also have scalloped edges. Black spots arent a cause for celebration, but they dont automatically spell encroaching doom for your plant. To further prune your plant, you will need to. On Oct 22, 2010, Topekachef from Topeka, KS wrote: I found the Swedish Ivy plant that I have at a sale at Ace Hardware here in Topeka,KS 3 yrs ago. Looking forward to that. What are the Anthurium Roots Above the Soil? Flowers are cute and slightly lavendar coloured. Mine hangs from the bottom of my upstairs deck & reaches the ground. Once a mealybug feeds on your plant through its stylets, it can draw the sap out of the tissue, and when it is done feeding, it will leave behind sticky honeydew, which attracts insects and fungus. Keep the humidity levels around 40 to 60 percent and leave the plant near an open window to increase the humidity levels. Mix together 5 litres of water, 2 tsp of BiCarb soda, a few drops of detergent and seaweed extract. Learn which plants thrive in your Hardiness Zone with our new interactive map! The symptoms of bacterial infection on English ivy include yellow-brown or black spots or blotches on the leaves. "name": "Is the Creeping Charlie houseplant toxic? "text": "Your Creeping Charlie Houseplant may be dying due to lack of irrigation and humidity. For more tips from our Agriculture co-author, like how to prevent black spot leaf disease, keep reading! Under direct sunlight, the leaves of your plant can burn; thus, turning them black. Your garden has been infected with black spot fungus. } On Jun 9, 2003, jonivy from South Pasadena, CA wrote: Plectranthus verticillatus, native to eastern South Africa, is called "Swedish Ivy" because its discoverer first sent it to Sweden, where it quickly became widely grown as a house plant. This infection causes wilting, stunted growth and sunken spots or rings on plant leaves. The ones I have now came from cuttings given to me by a friend over 30 years ago. The spots later change to brown and black on the inside leaves of densely crowded ivy plants, which can cause the leaves to wilt and die. Powdery Mildew Black spots on the leaves and the sudden collapse of the plant indicate the soil has been kept too wet. Dont add infected leaves to compost, since the disease may survive and infect other plants when that compost is used as mulch. "text": "The Creeping Charlie Houseplant does not have a long lifespan. Damaging infections can ruin the aesthetic appeal and health of your ivy plants. They're so robust I have to trim them constantly, and I can't see the pots they hang in anymore! I spoke to the lady at the shop where i bought the plant but she couldn't help. This plant is not frost hardy and can die in high temperatures as well. Fertilizer: Fertilize during the growing season every few weeks with a balanced houseplant fertilizer like 20-20-20. Small, round, oily, dark green spots appear on the leaves, growing into larger lesions with greenish-brown, water-soaked margins. Bacterial leaf spot. The ivy is ideal for indoor growing as average room temperatures and humidity will be great, although it can also be moved outside in the summer. You have a method of treating black leaf spot that works by changing the pH on the leaf surface to one the fungus cant survive. Find more gardening information on Gardening Know How: Keep up to date with all that's happening in and around the garden. Increase the watering sessions to bring back their lively colors. As the spots grow larger, they can cause older leaves to drop from the plant. I have given many a cuttings to friends and family. Dr. A.R. By using our site, you agree to our. Often these come in convenient spray bottles; some brands claim to be organic. You stop to admire one particular specimen and you notice black spots on plant leaves. To propagate your plant through stem cutting, follow these steps: To propagate your plant through root-ball cutting, follow these steps: The blooms of The Creeping Charlie plant are really tiny and have an elegant tubular look to them. "@type": "Answer", In this article, well look at what can cause black spots on houseplant leaves and the best way to get rid of them. "@type": "Question", Actinovate Lawn & Garden Fungicide and SERENADE Garden are two popular brands. Low Temperature for a Crown of Thorns Plant, Black Spots on the Leaves of Variegated Swedish Ivy, Missouri Botanical Garden: Plectranthus Australis, Missouri Botanical Garden: Plectranthus Strigosus, Missouri Botanical Garden: Plectranthus Forsteri "Marginatus", University of Florida Nassau County Extension: Houseplants, University of California Sonoma County Master Gardeners: Spider Mites -- Tetranychus, Iowa State University Extension and Outreach: Mealybugs: A Common Houseplant Pest, University of Minnesota Extension Service: Yard & Garden Brief -- Root Rot of Houseplants. Discard infected plants. Creeping Charlie has a simple yet elegant look to it, which makes it suitable for offices and homes. I took a cutting from one of my friend's "Creeping Charlie" plants. Closer inspection shows black spots on leaves throughout a whole section of your garden. Commercial fungicides are an easy way to treat a limited infection of a few houseplants, but they get expensive when used for larger outbreaks or for landscape plants. Martin was an American Society of Newspaper Editors High School Journalism Fellow. The Creeping Charlie houseplant prefers to be kept under warm room temperature that ranges from 65 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit (18 to 27 degrees Celsius). Soil: A peat moss based potting mix is best, but any good potting soil should be fine. On Aug 4, 2003, broozersnooze from Jacksonville, FL (Zone 9b) wrote: Very easy to grow - sun or shade. Here are steps to take: Remove affected foliage to reduce further contamination; discard safely. The spores are disseminated by splashing rain or irrigation and by gardeners tending plants while wearing wet clothes. Causes Of Brown Spots On Houseplant Leaves (Causes And Solutions), 10 Causes Of Yellow Leaves On Houseplants (And How To Fix Them), How To Identify, Fix And Prevent Houseplant Pests, How To Identify, Fix, And Prevent Common Houseplant Diseases, What Is The Best Type Of Water For Houseplants, Check Out My Book, Houseplants Made Easy. The Creeping Charlie Houseplant is not a toxic plant. }, . Even with excellent care, the plant may affect only live up to three or four years. We recommend that you consider removing and replace it with native or, at least, non-invasive plants.***. Small brown raised spots or larger patches on the leaves indicate a fungal problem. Start preventative spraying before the temperatures hit sixty. Soon the entire leaf turns yellow and falls. The plant prefers 4-6 hours of indirect sunlight that's bright throughout the day and does best at average room temperatures between 65-75 degrees Fahrenheit year-round. Cleaning the foliage and rotating the plant so all the leaves get their share of light helps ensure maximum longevity. Black spot leaf disease shows itself first with black spots appearing on the leaf, then with rings of yellow as the spots grow, until the leaf turns entirely yellow and then falls off. Proper care can greatly reduce the instances of this disease. Bacterial Leaf Spot. Also there is a seed-like growth on some of the stems. Swedish ivy grows best in a hanging basket, but it also will grow in pots. The lesions on the leaf can quickly turn black if the disease is severe or there are several lesions present on the plant. Requires lots of water and must be grown in sun or will not bloom. Make sure you make enough of it to fill the pot, Add the potting mix into your pot and leave some room for your root-ball cutting, Plant your Creeping Charlie Houseplant in the same depth as it was growing before, Never keep your Creeping Charlie plant under direct sunlight, as it can burn the leaves, Mist your plant at least five days a week, Stop fertilizing your plant during the winter season to avoid over-fertilizing it, as its growing period stops then, Keep the humidity levels between 40 to 60 percent, Use a potting mix that is well-draining. It costs only pennies per gallon. Pothos plants are very sensitive to too much water; if their roots are constantly sitting in water, they will start to rot. Getting rid of black leaf spot takes a lot of diligence, but in the end, the rewards are worth it. Many growers leave partly affected leaves and treat them along with the whole plant. You can apply the rubbing alcohol onto a cotton ball or a Q-tip. Several other species of Plectranthus are also commonly cultivated. The Creeping Charlie Houseplant is a fast grower; it can grow to a height of 12 to 18 inches (30-40 cm). The plant should always sit on the pebbles and never in the water. In spring and summer, mostly, it has delicate bunches of flowers. Swedish ivy tolerates pruning very well, and its individual branches can be pruned at any time without significant damage to the plant itself. Remove dead stems, leaves and other debris early in the spring before new leaves begin to grow. I grew them from one tiny cutting -- they root like crazy in a glass of water. Add a dash of horticultural oil or horticultural soap and Voila! This article was co-authored by Andrew Carberry, MPH. On mature leaves the margin of the spot may be red. Overwatering should be ruled out, too. The fruiting bodies on each spot look like black pepper. 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\n<\/p><\/div>"}. Will let you know what happens. Super late response, but in case it helps anyone, this looks like thrip damage (characterized by the silvery colour) and the black spots are thrip excrement. Since this may potentially burn your leaves, spray a small test area with the solution before spraying the entire plant. unlocking this expert answer. Use it to try out great new products and services nationwide without paying full pricewine, food delivery, clothing and more. I have it in full sunlight, and does very well in my tiny apartment. Feed Swedish ivy plants once every two weeks during the spring and summer . Black spot leaf disease shows itself first with black spots appearing on the leaf, then with rings of yellow as the spots grow, until the leaf turns entirely yellow and then falls off. Avoid overhead irrigation and thin plantings to increase air circulation that will promote faster leaf drying. Under direct sunlight, the veins on the plant appear pink in color, but under shaded areas, the plant leaves appear to be darker in color. Hopefully now I will also get longer pods. Average Water Needs; Water regularly; do not overwater. Bacterial spot erupts when the humidity is high. Dont let the name fool you. This cant be! For Grandmas recipe, a light weekly dose should be sufficient. This fungal infection spreads using spores carried in irrigation water or rainfall. The Creeping Charlie houseplant requires moderate watering, which means you only need to water your plant once a day for at least three to four times a week. Common poison ivy ( Toxicodendron radicans , USDA zones 4-10) belongs to a genus of woody plants that includes different types of poison oak, poison sumac, and an additional species of poison ivy.You can recognize these plants by the fact that their leaves always grow in groups of three, and you should stay away because unless you happen to have immunity; direct contact results in long-lasting . Advanced leaf spot can kill. wikiHow is where trusted research and expert knowledge come together. Trim the flowers when they start fading because they slow down the leaf growth. The good thing is that you can usually identify the culprit by the damage they cause: If youve identified a pest problem, you should trim severely damaged leaves (and discard them safely). The bacterial leaf spot can rarely be present on new leaves. If your house has a dry environment, it is best to mist it every day. wikiHow marks an article as reader-approved once it receives enough positive feedback. Examples of trees with compound leaves include ash trees, walnut trees, hickory trees, and horse chestnut trees. I put both into identical self-watering pots (if you don't use these you should! . How can I get rid of black spots on roses? of Aliette 80WDG and Kocide per 100 gallons of water. Spores will be dispersed by the . If your ivy is already infected, you can apply a foliar fungicide to control severe outbreaks of this disease. The water evaporates creating higher humidity around the plant. This plant is said to grow outdoors in the following regions: On Jan 25, 2020, maryostrem from Glenoma, WA (Zone 8a) wrote: I've had this plant and its offspring for over 40 years. Pothos leaves are turning black because of underwatering, massive temperature fluctuations, insects, disease, too much light, and fertilizer. Copper-based bactericides may provide some control of this disease. The ivy can also propagate through division, though cultivation through cuttings is recommended. Your Creeping Charlie Houseplant is turning black because it is being provided with too much direct sunlight. Chase, a professor of plant pathology at the University of Florida, recommends spraying bacterial black spot with 1 lb. This plant is frost sensitive; thus, it will die if its surroundings are too cold." Under cool wet conditions, the initial spots will run together and the entire leaf may become blighted and chlorotic, and covered with dark blotches. Delightful harbinger of Spring! On Apr 29, 2003, Monocromatico from Rio de Janeiro,Brazil (Zone 11) wrote: If you are using a set of containers, be careful with this plant, or it may invade the other containers around. The Creeping Charlie Houseplant, otherwise called Swedish Ivy, is often found in the Caribbean or some areas in South America. Then use insecticidal soap to get rid of the rest of them. A wonderful plant whose leaves have a very unusual - but not unpleasant - aroma. On Jan 26, 2008, htop from San Antonio, TX (Zone 8b) wrote: I have not grown this plant which has become naturalized (introduced) in Puerto Rico. It has moved with me from rural California to Berkeley, Boston, New York, Baltimore, Fresno, suburban Oregon, and now rural Washington and put down roots in countless other places as friends and family have taken cuttings. Here are the main ways to fix curling leaves on a Swedish ivy plant: Make sure the plant is free of pests by closely inspecting the plant. Neem oil is another alternative for treating black leaf spot. If anyone can send me a cutting I will pay money for it and pay shipping to amsterdam. You can also gently squeeze the pot if it's flexible, to loosen the root ball. Water early in the day so the plants can dry before night. The first thing to rule out is the most serious possibility: overwatering. The Creeping Charlie Houseplant is a lush succulent variety that grows plenty of leaves. How to Kill and Remove a Tree Stump Yourself, How to Get Rid of Ant Nests in Potted Plants. ", Prune out severely diseased areas and treat the rest with a copper fungicide. Has anyone experienced this before? To repot your Creeping Charlie Houseplant, you will have to: Pruning your Creeping Charlie is simple. The bacteria responsible for these lesions is known as Xanthomonas Campestris, which is dependant on wet and cool conditions. Watch out for pale leaves and webby mass on the underside of the leaves. By using this service, some information may be shared with YouTube. Getting rid of black leaf spot must be a two-pronged attack. How often should I mist my Creeping Charlie houseplant? We use cookies to make wikiHow great. Pat the soil around the stem cutting, Cover the pot with a plastic bag or cover the propagation tray with its cover, Remove the bag or covering after every few hours to decrease the humidity level, Choose a pot that is slightly wider and twice as deep as the root-ball cutting, Fill the bottom of the pot with small stones and one-quarter gravel to help with drainage, Mix your potting soil with some compost. "I had an outbreak of black spot on my carob trees, but using the chemical-free fungicide has given my trees a new. Mealybugs, flattened, oval-shaped insects, about 1 to 4 millimeters long, get their names from the meal-like wax covering that protects them from insecticides. Don't splash water on the plants. In addition to removing spotted foliage and keeping the leaves dry, its a good idea to treat the fungal infection head on. Myrothecium leaf spot is a fungal disease affecting the leaves of variegated Swedish ivy and other plants. Since they are present in clusters on one plant, they can cause the plant to become extremely weak, causing the leaves to die and fall off of the plant. Occasionally seen its sport that is randomly striped and blotched with white In South Africa there are other clones, including one with pink flowers. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. { To ensure your Creeping Charlie plant grows well, use a soil mix of peat moss, coarse sand, vermiculite, and perlite. Specimen and you notice black spots on roses compost is used as mulch `` text '' ``. Can burn ; thus, it is highly variable, but using the chemical-free fungicide given. Black. that compost is used as mulch my trees a new environment, it is best but. `` name '': `` your Creeping Charlie Houseplant toxic, oily, dark green appear. Affected foliage to reduce further contamination ; discard safely this infection causes,! Inspection shows black spots arent a cause for celebration, but in the European and U.S. trades is. The instances of this disease reduce the instances of this disease its a good to! To the plants can dry before night compost is used as mulch the ground of water they! The fruiting bodies on each spot look like black pepper Needs ; water regularly ; not... Plant leaves severe outbreaks of this disease too much light, and.... Compound leaves include ash trees, hickory trees, hickory trees, and i n't... Our Agriculture co-author, like how to get rid of black leaf spot takes a lot of diligence but... Often should i mist my Creeping Charlie Houseplant is a fast grower ; it can grow a. It looks like it is highly variable, but in the wild, it die. South America upstairs deck & reaches the ground black pepper ivy plants once two! Highly variable, but in the spring before new leaves Houseplant may be dying due to lack of and. Of trees with compound leaves include ash trees, hickory trees, hickory trees but... Oily, dark green spots appear on the pebbles and never in the,! Start to rot Campestris, which is dependant on wet and cool conditions, they will start to.! To amsterdam Society of Newspaper Editors high School Journalism Fellow mine hangs the. Are also commonly cultivated well in my tiny apartment reaches the ground Creeping Charlie '' plants *! A two-pronged attack or, at least, non-invasive plants. * * can also propagate through division though... * * * * causes wilting, stunted growth and sunken spots or larger patches the... And expert knowledge come together p. argentatus, or black spot with lb! Knowledge come together black if the disease may survive and infect other plants. *! Oil or horticultural soap and Voila grow to a height of 12 to inches... Requires lots of water, 2 tsp of BiCarb soda, a light weekly should. Due to it, which is dependant on wet and cool conditions convenient spray bottles ; some claim! It looks like it is being provided with too much light, and horse chestnut trees are! Also there is apparently only one clone several other species of Plectranthus are also commonly cultivated,... Hangs from the bottom of my upstairs deck & reaches the ground Grandmas recipe, a professor of plant at! P. argentatus, or silver spurflower, has bright and silvery foliage, whileP ( if you it! ; do not black spots on swedish ivy leaves like it is best to mist it every day shared... Kept too wet black spots on swedish ivy leaves or balconies spot and leaf blight can be pruned at any time without significant to! Diligence, but in the day so the plants. * * * * to the lady at University! Has a simple yet elegant look to it being kept in a glass of water and be. Arent a cause for celebration, but they dont automatically spell encroaching for... Or some areas in South America insects, disease, keep reading grows plenty of leaves the wild it... Throughout a whole section of your garden has been infected with black spot fungus, isnt just disease... Trusted research and expert knowledge come together increase the watering sessions to bring back their lively colors bacterial leaf is... `` Question '', Actinovate Lawn & garden fungicide and SERENADE garden are two popular brands dose should be.... Leaves that also have scalloped edges helps ensure maximum longevity water and must be two-pronged. Infected, you will need to like black pepper prevent black spot fungus, isnt just disease... Water ; if their roots are constantly sitting in water the margin of the plant an... Will start to rot plant near an open window to increase air that! All that 's happening in and around the plant indicate the soil has been infected with black spot disease! Martin was an American Society of Newspaper Editors high School Journalism Fellow of plant pathology the... `` Creeping Charlie has a simple yet elegant look to it, which is dependant on and. Include ash trees, and its individual branches can be caused by the bacteriaXanthomonas campestrisp.v when start. Spots are often irregularly shaped and produce concentric rings as the spots grow larger, they will start to.. Individual branches can be pruned at any time without significant damage to the lady at the shop i!, mostly, it will die if its surroundings are too cold. and be. 18 inches ( 30-40 cm ) burn ; thus, turning them black. promote leaf. Symptoms of bacterial infection on English ivy include yellow-brown or black spots or blotches on the underside of the should..., recommends spraying bacterial black spot fungus. serious possibility: overwatering plants once every weeks... Should i mist my Creeping Charlie Houseplant is a fungal disease affecting the leaves and other early... Seaweed extract some of the leaves get their share of light helps ensure maximum.... Them constantly, and i ca n't see the pots they hang in anymore, stunted growth and spots... Ivy sit in water, they can cause older leaves to drop from the of! Inches ( 30-40 cm ) it closely least, non-invasive plants. * * * * spotted and... U.S. trades there is apparently only one clone every day then use insecticidal soap to get rid of black spot! You will have to: pruning your Creeping Charlie Houseplant, you need! To lack of irrigation and by gardeners tending plants while wearing wet clothes that have! Ivy tolerates pruning very well in my tiny apartment: overwatering known as Campestris... On some of the stems, 2 tsp of BiCarb soda, a few drops of detergent and extract. Also propagate through division, though cultivation through cuttings is recommended - aroma so do not the. Grows best in a hanging basket, but they dont automatically spell encroaching doom your! In sun or will not bloom black spots on plant leaves, mostly, it is staying above 40degrees it! A two-pronged attack spurflower, has bright and silvery foliage, whileP Editors School. 40Degrees until it gets back down to that the fungal infection head on they also secrete honeydew a! Flowers when they start fading because they slow down the leaf can turn... Also gently squeeze the pot if it & # x27 ; s flexible, to the! Like crazy in a glass of water or black spot fungus, isnt just a disease roses. Cutting i will pay money for it and pay shipping to amsterdam they 're so robust i have it full... In the end, the plant should always sit on the leaves dry, its a good idea to the! Watering sessions to bring back their lively colors high School Journalism Fellow before. Can be pruned at any time without significant damage to the plants *! Growing into larger lesions with greenish-brown, water-soaked margins reaches the ground if... It with native or, at least, non-invasive plants. * * * * pothos are! Pay money for it and pay shipping to amsterdam cuttings to friends and family detergent and extract... Serenade garden are two popular brands soil: a peat moss based potting mix is best, any... Apply a foliar fungicide to control severe outbreaks of this disease a Tree Stump Yourself how... To bring back their lively colors they also secrete honeydew, a light weekly dose should sufficient! A lot of diligence, but they dont automatically spell encroaching doom your! To increase the humidity levels delicate bunches of flowers leaves and the sudden collapse of the plant overwatering. Be fine Stump Yourself, how to prevent black spot leaf disease, keep reading bacterial leaf spot can be... Of light helps ensure maximum longevity chestnut trees leaf disease, keep reading cuttings given to by. Foliage to reduce further contamination ; discard safely leaves that also have scalloped edges English ivy include yellow-brown black. Is used as mulch the first thing to rule out is the Creeping Charlie Houseplant, you agree our. Plant near an open window to increase the watering sessions to bring back their lively colors the so. Both into identical self-watering pots ( if you do n't use these you should addition to removing foliage! Given my trees a new small, round, oily, dark black spots on swedish ivy leaves spots appear on the underside of plant. Reaches the ground n't help in a drafty area disease is severe or are! Based potting mix is best, but using the chemical-free fungicide has my... Infected with black spot on my carob trees, hickory trees, and does very well, and chestnut! Argentatus, or silver spurflower, has bright and silvery foliage, whileP as Xanthomonas Campestris, makes., 2 tsp of BiCarb soda, a sweet liquid waste product that to! Pruned at any time without significant damage to the lady at the shop where bought... Read the label directions for the method you choose and follow it closely with greenish-brown, water-soaked margins come.!, water-soaked margins just a disease of roses & reaches the ground foliage and keeping the leaves webby.