It is neither enjoined in books of theology nor by the law of Islam. The woman brings a group with their drums, and they begin to eulogize the beautiful characteristics of the deceased. #1 The Value of the Cup. [10] This has reference to washing the body of the deceased. The Kalimatu sh-shahada (the [creed]) is also read with an audible voice by those present. Ever since European archaeologists began excavating in Egypt in the 18th and 19th centuries CE, the ancient culture has been largely associated with death.Even into the mid-20th century CE reputable scholars were still writing on the death-obsessed Egyptians whose lives were lacking in play and without joy. Thus he takes it, but it is not in his hand more than the twinkling of an eye ere [those angels] take it, put it in the hair-cloth where the odor from it is like the stench of a decomposing carcass. Even the food in Lebanon is closer to European and western. But most women stay home and wait for the funeral party to return. For example, in Sura xvi. A camel symbolizes wealth among the villagers and when a camel dies naturally or disappears, its a great loss. They then put some camphor with water into a new large earthen pot and with another new earthen pot they take out water and pour it on the body three times: first from the head to the feet, then from the right shoulder to the feet, finally from the left shoulder to the feet. [24] An Arab word which means the supporters of the Prophet.. Add an RSC shortcut to this device's Homescreen, In the menu, scroll past any icons and tap. We have now covered Islamic concepts of death and dying; let us briefly present other rites of minority groups in the Middle East. The left hand of the deceased is placed on the chest. The corpse is placed on a bed, a country cot, a plank, or on straw then stripped and laid on its back with its head to the east and feet to the west. Muslim Death, Funeral, and Burial Customs and Traditions. [31] It is like entering a village. Gamali means my camel. She is saying, Oh, my camel. Of course he was not a camel, but it shows the great loss that has occurred. Arthur Jeffery, an authority on Islam, gives a number of accounts regarding death and the hereafter. "South Asian weddings are always known and loved for their multiple-day events," says Campbell. There are male and female washers [10] who are hired to wash and shroud the corpse. She would also say, " Hek khabaretne sette " (that's . Grieve not! Then his soul is replaced in his body, and two angels [Munkar and Nakir] come to him and set him up, and say, And they say to him, What is the condition of the man who is sent down to you?, Then a voice comes from above saying, He lieth; therefore spread a bed of fire for him and open a door for him towards hell., Then the heat and hot winds of hell come to him, and his grave is made tight upon him, so as to squeeze his ribs. Folks used not to go grey in your time., He said: I heard the summons, and I thought it was the resurrection, so out of fear my head and my beard went white., Someone asked: How long have you been dead? and he answered, Four thousand years, yet the anguish of dying [21] has not left me.. cAli reported that Muhammed saw the Angel of Death at the head of a man of the Ansar, so the Prophet said to him: Be gentle with my friend, for he is a true believer., He answered: Be of good cheer, O Muhammed, for I am gentle with every true believer. In ancient Egyptian religion when a pharaoh came to the throne, the first thing he planned was his tomb. Verily, those who have said, Our Lord is Allah, and then have kept the straight course, on them will the angels descend [saying]: Fear not! Its like vacationing in Las Vegas! 1860 Mount Lebanon civil war. Photo credit: japantimes.co.jp. The body is turned to face towards Mecca, the holy center of Islam. [4], Then God says, Write his history in Sijjin, which is the lowest earth; then his soul is thrown down with violence.. Nowadays in the Middle East the family of the deceased goes to the grave carrying a palm tree leaf to put on the grave instead of flowers. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced us to consider how rituals can lose their extraordinary power when our sense of "normal" is shattered and remains shattered for years. It's also important to prepare the body for the funeral as quickly as possible. His whole body was mummified and wrapped so that he looked exactly as if he were alive. [21] Sakrat al-mawt is another of the many expressions for the agony of death, or the last moments before death. Here, it is important for . Religion of Syria. Grief should be processed with . Ideally, the funeral will take place before the next sunset or within 24 hours. What do you want? Family members console each other and the minister or priest offers a prayer and the family gives the priest a little money. View this post on Instagram. They ask him, Who is your Lord? and he replies, Alas, I know not., They ask him, And what is your religion? to which he again replies, Alas! To us the whole idea is entirely different. In certain cultures the family takes care of the washing but in the Middle East, the family cannot even touch the body. You there! Jeffery also reports that the Prophet once said that He who is disinclined to meet with Allah is one whom Allah is disinclined to meet. In other words, when an unbeliever thinks of the punishment that has been prepared for him, he weeps for his doom and is disinclined to die, so Allah is disinclined to meet with him. According to the oldest Egyptian beliefs, the gods also were subject to age and could die. Maroun blames Lebanon's long civil war (1975-1990) and ensuing exodus from the country for the Lebanese loss of traditions. The Lebanese socialise around meals for long periods of time. The Lebanese are extremely proud of the amount of cultural heritage they share. 4241 Jutland Dr #202, San Diego, CA 92117. If you dont drink it, its a serious insult to the deceased. Anthropologist Ellen Schattschneider describes a funeral custom which began during World War II in northern Japan. The ceremonies attending the death of a Muslim are described by Jafir Sharif in Herklots Qanun-i-Islam, Islamic Law page 80. Then Ayishah said: Truly we all dislike death and consider it a great affliction. The Prophet replied: Thou dost not understand me. The shrouds consist of three pieces of cloth for a man and five for a woman. Syrian culture is greatly influenced by its high population of Sunni Muslims. The closer you are to a person, the more acceptable it is to decline their offers of tea, coffee, food, etc. Then a man with a beautiful face comes to him, elegantly dressed and perfumed, and he says, Be joyful in that which hath made thee so; this is the day which was promised thee., Then the dead person says to him, Who art thou, for thy face is perfectly beautiful., And the man replies, I am thy good deeds., Then the dead person cries out, O Lord, hasten the resurrection for my sake!. Place bed to face Mecca where possible. 7,000-25,000. The family was standing in line, friends were also standing in line, so I stood in line. The country has a rich culture which is mainly borrowed from different groups of people who lived in the region in the past. Jeffery observes that Whosoever has a loving desire to meet with Allah is one whom Allah has a loving desire to meet. [17] He states that by meeting with Allah (he means death), the true believer is in such a state that he cannot be responsible for his faith; thus, he will be given the good news that Allah is well pleased with him and will grant him His Paradise. Lebanon is more diverse than the average middle eastern country and it is a sign of freedom, pluralism, and tolerance between the west and east. -embraces a wide variety of approaches to the analytical study of the musics of the world, including indigenous methodologies, post-colonial, critical and queer perspectives and different indigenous methodologies. Food is crucial. There must be no waiting. The cedar in the center of the Lebanese flag is the symbol of six thousand years of history: the cedar was Lebanon's chief export in ancient times. Dirt is thrown over him and burial is complete. Then what have you done in preparation for it? asked the Prophet. But, continued the Prophet, when an infidel dies and is about to pass from the world and bring his soul to futurity, black-faced angels [3] come down to him and with them sackcloths. The family serves the sweet dish to visitors who come to the household to . He may wear it for years, depending how dear or how close the dead person was to him. These women are very fiery and emotional. Even in rural areas, only certain women can go with the procession. A man ushered me into one of the rooms. If hes a peasant, he is buried in his new galabiyya or robe, [30] that he usually wears on special occasions. When the family visits the house, they prepare rahmah. If it is innocent Allah has said, What is with Allah is a good thing for the innocent, and if it is wicked Allah has said, We respite them only that they may increase in guilt, and for them is humiliating punishment.. So they sit apart from the deceased, as far as the eyes can see, after which the Angel of Death [Malakul-Mawt] comes to the deceased and sits at his head and says, O pure soul, come forth to Gods pardon and pleasure.. It is said to be a place in the uppermost heaven where the record of the righteous is kept. 17 we learn that death is not a single thing: According to the Traditions, as depicted by Hughes account, [1] Muhammed was taught that it is sinful to wish for death: According to Islamic tradition, one day the Prophet said: Whosoever loves to meet God, God will love to meet him, and whosoever dislikes to meet God, God will dislike to meet him. When the person (s) have put out the feelings, offer a word . While most people want the body to be embalmed in the US and Canada if there will . Plus, the body shares in the final restoration of all creation. The Islamic religion views death as a transition to another state of existence called the afterlife. Allah here makes it clear that the one who speaks truth desires death, but the false speaker flees from death because of the evil of his works. (Compare bashir with the term bisharah which is applicable only to the New Testament.). Burying the body without a casket within 24 hours after the death. In the yard of the home a huge tent has been constructed, made of fancy cloth and decorated. In Egypt, one finds three big jars in every tomb of any pharaoh: one for his heart, one for his intestines, and one for other things. Why do men wear black ties and women black garments? 1986 Florian Noetzel GmbH Verlag For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions This is your day that you were promised., He will ask, And who are you? to which [the man] will reply, I am your evil deeds, whereat he will say, O Lord, let not the hour arrive. This custom is deeply embedded among the Christians, whether educated or rural people. Why do we cry and scream for at least a year? Then they pour plenty of water on the corpse and wash off all the dirt and filth with soap, using flocks of cotton or cloth. Allah has said: Then wish for death if ye are those who speak truth. But they will never wish for it because of what their hands have sent forward. If not, the marriage will is going up a slippery slope, so to speak. The World of Music [24] When we came to the grave it was not yet dug [completely], so the Prophet sat down, and we also sat around about him, and it was as though the birds were over our heads. The house even has a kitchen, living rooms, and bedrooms. Druze. When the women scream and slap their faces, you will probably hear one word yagamili "Oh, my camel.". Cake Cutting with a Sword. O Lord, let not the hour arrive. . [8] For this reason the Prophet said that the sooner a good man is buried, the more quickly he will reach heaven. Muslims believe in an afterlife and that once an individual's soul is freed from the physical body, they await a reckoning where they can account for their actions in this life. [19] Mararat al-mawt, the distress of death, has reference to one of the many expressions used for death-pains or the agony of death. In the United States the deceased is kept for three or four days, sometimes a week, in a refrigerator in the mortuary until the funeral date is set, then people view the body. It is recorded that Abu Hamid al-Laffaf said: It is recorded in Muslim sources that Jesus used to raise the dead by Allahs permission. Performing the special prayer called Janaaso. Muslims believe Allah controls life and death, and death is the end of physical life, but the soul lives on. Muhammed). If the mother of the deceased is present, she says, The milk with which I suckled thee I freely bestow on thee; but this is primarily a custom in India. Another thing that can vary across cultures is the beliefs about embalming. Nothing beats trying to navigate the strange social . Then, said the Prophet, it comes forth, flowing as easily as a drop from a water-skin, whereupon [those angels] take it, not leaving it in his hand more than the twinkling of an eye ere they take it, [wrap it] in the aforementioned shroud and aromatics so that the odor from it is more redolent than the finest musk to be found on the face of the earth, and mount up with it. In his hand was a rod with which he kept digging in the ground. On the fortieth day, regardless of whether you are Muslim or Christian, the ritual begins again. His spirit is painfully dragged out, and hears the words, O thou pernicious soul, come forth displeased and displeasing. Conversely, Christianity generally emphasizes afterlife more than being in the world. There is not a single angel group whom they pass [as they mount upwards] but asks, What sweet-smelling spirit is this?, And they reply, This is the spirit of so-and-so, using the finest names for him. There is another interesting sign of death and dying in the Middle East. system, an inner piety or disposition, or ritual practices (Wulff, 1997). Where you go in the afterlife depends on how well you followed Islamic religious codes during your life. In accordance with Muslim concepts of death and dying, loud screams and lamentations are performed only by women. People are never buried underground. And they say, Such a one, the son of such a one, calling him by the best names by which he was known in the world, till they reach the lowest region of heaven with him. This tradition symbolizes good luck and protection for the couple's future together. After the body is washed, it is wrapped in a white sheet. This is a good-bye and last prayer. The body was preserved so that the soul would not also die as a result of the dismemberment of the body. Spread for him a bed from the fire, clothe him in fire, open for him a door giving on the fire, through which its heat and smoke may enter to him and contract his grave so that his ribs pile on one another., Then there approaches him a man, ugly of countenance, ill dressed and foul smelling, who says to him, Receive tidings of that which will grieve you. Most people lie insensible and cannot even speak, but the pious retain their mental faculties and converse till the very end. And a man with a hideous countenance comes to him shockingly dressed, of a vile smell, and he says, Be joyful in that which maketh thee miserable; this is the day that was promised thee., Then the dead man says, Who art thou? [30] Peasants, especially in Egypt, instead of a suit wear a garment which is called galabiyya or quftan. Katb Al-kitaab. In Muslim funerals, giving flowers to the family may vary depending on Muslim sects. But when the Angel of Death has taken the soul of a servant of God, he resigns it to his assistants, in whose hands is a shroud, and they put it into the shroud with perfumes, and a fragrance issues from the soul like the smell of the best musk that is to be found on the face of the earth. Christians visit the tomb only on occasions like Christmas and Easter. Thy face is hideous and brings wickedness., Then the dead person says, O Lord, delay the resurrection on my account!. Pre-Wedding Rituals. It is related that there is no soul, innocent or wicked, to which death is not a good thing. Spencer J. Palmer (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1978), 3360. First, there is usually a vigil service, which may also be referred to as a wake or a rosary service. Provide clean stone for symbolic ritual washing. When his spirit has been drawn forth and placed in the musk and sweet basil, the silk cloth is folded and sent with it to cIllyun. The body cannot even stay overnight. Gamali means "my camel.". One such ritual is henna night, where the bride's hands are decorated with intricate henna designs. So the Prophet said, Go and put in practice what that involves, then come and I will teach you of the wonders of learning.. The first is the vigil service, or the Trisagion, which is usually performed at the church . First the right side, then the left, until they are all wrapped around the body. They cry out without interruption with no food, no drink all day until the body is prepared and washed and taken from the house to the burial place. This has nothing to do with painful emotions, the attribution of which to Allahexalted be Hewould not be fitting. When we go as Americans or Europeans, we focus our attention on movements, tourist attractions, etc., but we seldom care to see or investigate how the Middle Eastern people respond to death and dying. On certain feast occasions, the family of the deceased get the key from the oldest or the most respected man in the family, go to that house, open the door, and rest there for several days or a week. Raise to life for us someone who died in ancient times., He said to them: Choose whomsoever you will., They replied: Raise for us Shem, Noahs son.. We know something about the people of the Middle East, but we are not well acquainted with certain important cultural patterns of that area. However, the locals have taken all the influences of other countries and developed a set of mannerisms only they will understand. This is all he says, and its purport obviously is that loving desire is an attribute of Allah, and a humans loving desire for his Lord springs from it and is a reflection, like the reflection of water on a wall. You have no cause for discontent with us, and we are going to return for you, so let him who will beware, beware, for there are no dwellers whether in hair tents or in villages, whether on land or on sea, but we examine their faces five times daily and at night, so that I know them both small and great, know them individually. 3. If the individual died in the evening, the shrouding and burial take place before midnight; if he died at a later hour, he is buried early the next morning. Today, all Lebanese speak Arabic; most of them, especially the upper and middle classes, speak French; recently, English has become increasingly important. Born in 1942 in the mountain town of Bikfaiya, Bouchebel shared a home with his five siblings, parents, grandparents, aunts, and uncles. Islamic mourning rituals, which vary slightly by sect and location, provide comfort and strength for the family. So if you attend a death ceremony of a practicing Hindu, it is likely the body will be cremated. This is . Christians. If you are well pleased with what Allah has done you will receive your reward, but if you are displeased or sore afflicted [by it], you are committing sin and being rebellious. Provo, UT 84602 July 9-11, 1860. Black faces, black dresses, and black coffee are signs of mourning in Egypt. They are not to go outside. To such the angels will descend (at death), and they will say to the angels: Man was created for death. When a loved one dies in Aboriginal society in Australia's Northern Territory, elaborate rituals begin. Funerals tend to be elaborate. After the funeral and burial are complete, families . They said: What is this? Food and food baskets are appropriate gifts, especially during the three day mourning period. So a youth in the period of his youthfulness ought to become accustomed to doing good deeds and then doing good deeds will be easy for him when he becomes old. Each part has its traditions and customs, and people may attend one or all . [4] Reminiscent of the words of Jesus in the New Testament, Mark 10:25. Four or five days before a sick mans dissolution, he makes his will in favor of his son or any other person in the presence of two or more witnesses and either delivers this will to others or retains it. Jean Bouchebel. A firm belief in life after death is a foundational truth in Islam. They do not require the patient to read it himself, since at that time he is in a state of distress and not in a fit state of mind to repeat the Kalimah. Everybody knows this is the casket of so-and-so and so-and-so. "After the war, and after the emigration, people are no more attached to . The deceased is taken from the board and placed in the hole. They said, Let us set ourselves to prayer, and then make supplication to our Lord, and maybe he will allow one of the dead to come forth to inform us about dying., So they set themselves to prayer and made supplication to their Lord, and while they were engaged in so doing a dark mulatto raised his head out of one of the graves, saying, Ho! This tent stays up for three days and then is dismantled. Therefore, hes the camel of the family, symbolic of the endurance of the camel, capable of crossing many miles in desert without even a sip of water. At this point I feel safe in concluding that Islam in the Middle East gives more attention to death than Christianity. 7981. Dinki-Mini. Home; Our Practice; Services; What to expect. The sheets are brought over the body one at a time. The family of the deceased only prints 30 death notices instead of 200 for 200,000 Lebanese pounds," he said. Some Muslim families accept flowers for . Make-up is not traditionally used. Light a candle, this represents a sacred held space or the start of the ritual/ceremony. Whether it is Indian, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan or Pakistani, a Muslim wedding in South Asia is sure to be a beautiful and celebratory affair. Although religious activity and behaviors (e.g., prayer) are not consistently associated with less death anxiety or grief, the integrity of specific religious beliefs may play a greater role (Fortner, Neimeyer, & Rybarczyk, 2000). Its a tradition and to do so is very insulting. Westernization, education and independence is decreasing the Lebanese culture and customs. Let us go back to the days of the pharaohs of ancient Egypt. There is segregation in Egyptian funeral rites. In all cases, the death of an American citizen, whether resident or tourist in Lebanon, should be reported to the Embassy's Consular Section in Beirut. It is no longer considered shameful not to hold a formal funeral and serve food after the burial due to the financial situation and COVID-19 restrictions. VIRTUAL BEREAVEMENT: HOW THE LEBANESE USE FACEBOOK TO EXPRESS GRIEF A Thesis presented to the Faculty of Humanties at Notre Dame University-Louaize In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master in Media Studies - Advertising by CYNTHIA GEORGES AZZI JULY 2019 His spirit comes forth as easily as a hair from a batch of dough, and hears the words: O tranquil soul, return to your Lord, well-pleasing and well-pleased. It is therefore best that those sitting with the dying person read it, in hopes that the sick man, hearing the sound of it, may bring it to his recollection and repeat it either aloud or in his own mind. Some people in rural areas get black mascara and put it on their faces, forehead, and hands so that everyone will immediately see that they are in mourning. Anon they come with it to the gate of the lowest heaven and ask that it be opened for it. We went out with the Apostle of Allah [to join] the funeral procession on a man from the Ansar. As part of this belief, Muslim funerals and burials are usually held as soon as possible after . Out Of Many Cultures: The People Who Came - The Lebanese . An interesting story about death is narrated by Al-Bara ibn cAzib, one of the companions of the Prophet: I came out with the Prophet at the funeral of one of the assistants, and we arrived just at the grave, before they had interred the body, and the Prophet sat down, and we sat around him with our heads down, and were so silent that you might say that birds were sitting upon our heads. A video posted on the Internet shows the stoning of a woman accused of adultery in the Hama area in Syria. The World of Music is an international peer-reviewed journal seeking a critical understanding of performing arts and cultural practices involving music, dance and theater worldwide, as well as the many contexts in which they come into being. Donning dark colours for mourning has been strongly associated with death and loss for centuries in the west and is a practice believed to date back to the Roman times. [32] The women lock the room where the body is kept, stay in the living room, and begin to wail so that everybody in the neighborhood will know that somebody in this house died and a funeral is pending. Why do we remain in mourning for at least forty days? They must go on that day, carrying with them palm branches and palm leaves. #4558 | 04:58. Oct 21, 2014. The body is cleaned well so that no offensive smell remains. But when he was eight years old, his father . When my turn came, I expressed my sympathy to my friend. Beirut and Damascus, Syria. Whether you are poor or rich, this is one of the necessities of a bona fide Muslim funeral. In the Catholic funeral tradition, there are multiple ceremonies in honor of the deceased. It is clearly taught in the Quran, which is read by several hundred million Muslims all over the globe, that The hour of death is fixed for every living creature. There are many references in the Holy Quran about death. 5. What makes death and dying so interesting is that its treatment varies from one country to another and from one culture to another. The five pillars of Islam listed include: When I entered and approached the family, I was utterly shocked. Lebanese culture and traditions. At this point the Apostle of Allah recited this verse (vii 40/38): The gates of heaven will not be opened for them, nor will they enter the Garden till a camel passes through a needles eye. This is said to predict the success of the marriage. S northern Territory, elaborate rituals begin, and bedrooms are no attached! 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